What does the term "micro-irrigation" refer to?

The term "micro-irrigation" specifically refers to a method that delivers water directly to the plant's root zone in small amounts. This technique allows for precise application of water, which enhances water efficiency and reduces waste. By focusing on the root zone, micro-irrigation helps in minimizing evaporation and runoff, ensuring that plants receive water exactly where it's needed most. This method can significantly improve plant health and growth while using significantly less water compared to traditional irrigation techniques.

Additionally, the other options do not align with the definition of micro-irrigation. Using large amounts of water infrequently, as stated in the first option, contradicts the core principle of micro-irrigation, which is to apply small, frequent doses. Traditional irrigation techniques that involve flooding can lead to overwatering and waterlogging, which are also opposite to the goals of micro-irrigation. Lastly, rainwater harvesting pertains to collecting rainwater for use, which is separate from the controlled delivery of water to plants that micro-irrigation entails.